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OBJECTIVE: To compare and analyze the index characteristics relevant to the body shapes, physical functions and physical qualities of adult males in Shanghai, Beijing and Guangdong, based on the statistics of the second National Physical Fitness Monitoring in these three regions. METHODS: The physical fitness indexes were looked up from the "National Physical Fitness Monitoring Bulletin" issued by the National Physical Education Office and Physical Education Offices in Shanghai, Beijing and Guangdong. Then these indexes were divided by age groups of 20-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54 and 55-59 years, to receive statistical processing and comparative analysis through Microsoft Excel. RESULTS: Body shape: ①The adult males in both Shanghai and Beijing were taller than those in Guangdong. ②The weight, Quetelet index, chest circumference and waist line indexes followed by ascending were Guangdong, Shanghai and Beijing. ③ The body mass indexes in all age groups followed by ascending were Guangdong, Shanghai and Beijing. Physical functions: ①The diastolic pressure and vital capacity indexes followed by ascending were Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong.②For the adult males less than 30-34 ages, the highest step-test index was in Guangdong, and Shanghai came the second. Physical quality:①The index of antexion with sitting position in all age groups in Shanghai were higher than in Beijing and Guangdong.②The choice reaction time indexes of adult males in all age groups in Shanghai were the highest among the three regions. CONCLUSION: ①The statures of males in Shanghai, Beijing and Guangdong have been rising at a quick speed and will last a long time, and the rising speed in Guangzhou is relatively slow. ②The overweight phenomenon of adult males in Beijing and Shanghai tends to begin at a younger age, and the overweight range tends to increase with age. ③The physique indexes of adult males in Shanghai are better than those in Beijing and Guangdong, except the overweight index.
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Background Elevated intraocular pressure leads to the loss of retinal ganglion cells and vigorous reaction of retinal glial cells.The expression of nestin in retinal glial cells secondary to hypertention and its significance are unclear.ObjectiveThis study aim to investigate the expression of nestin in retinal glial cells (RGCs) in ocular hypertention rats.Methods The ocular hypertention models were established by cauterizing the limbus-draining veins in the right eyes of 42 SD rats,and a conjunctival incision in the left eyes of the rats served as the sham group.The intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with the Tono-Pen XL tonometer.The number of RGCs in the rats with ocular hypertention was counted.The expression of the nestin protein in RGCs was semi-quantitatively analyzed using Western by immunochemistry.Double immunofluorescence was carried out to evaluate the the confocal laser scaning microscope.Results Significant differences were found in the IOP between the model group and the sham group at various time points (P＜0.05).In 1 week to 3 weeks after operation,the number of RGCs significantly declined in the model group compared with the sham group (P＜0.05).Immunochemistry showed that from 2 hours through 1 week after operation,the expression of nestin was gradually enhanced in the model group in comparison with the sham group.Western blot revealed that the expression of the nestin protein reflected a similar tendency to that of immunofluorescence.The increased introcular pressure as manifested by the induced expression of nestin.Immunoelectron microscopy also confirmed the induced expression of nestin especially at their end-feet suggests a potential neuroprotective mechanism in neuronal degeneration.Nestin may be a useful biomarker for retinal injury study.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To compare and analyze the index characteristics relevant to the body shapes,physical functions and physical qualities of adult males in Shanghai,Beijing and Guangdong,based on the statistics of the second National Physical Fitness Monitoring in these three regions. METHODS:The physical fitness indexes were looked up from the "National Physical Fitness Monitoring Bulletin" issued by the National Physical Education Office and Physical Education Offices in Shanghai,Beijing and Guangdong. Then these indexes were divided by age groups of 20-24,25-29,30-34,35-39,40-44,45-49,50-54 and 55-59 years,to receive statistical processing and comparative analysis through Microsoft Excel. RESULTS:Body shape:①The adult males in both Shanghai and Beijing were taller than those in Guangdong. ②The weight,Quetelet index,chest circumference and waist line indexes followed by ascending were Guangdong,Shanghai and Beijing. ③ The body mass indexes in all age groups followed by ascending were Guangdong,Shanghai and Beijing. Physical functions:① The diastolic pressure and vital capacity indexes followed by ascending were Beijing,Shanghai and Guangdong. ②For the adult males less than 30-34 ages,the highest step-test index was in Guangdong,and Shanghai came the second. Physical quality:① The index of antexion with sitting position in all age groups in Shanghai were higher than in Beijing and Guangdong. ②The choice reaction time indexes of adult males in all age groups in Shanghai were the highest among the three regions. CONCLUSION:①The statures of males in Shanghai,Beijing and Guangdong have been rising at a quick speed and will last a long time,and the rising speed in Guangzhou is relatively slow. ②The overweight phenomenon of adult males in Beijing and Shanghai tends to begin at a younger age,and the overweight range tends to increase with age. ③The physique indexes of adult males in Shanghai are better than those in Beijing and Guangdong,except the overweight index.
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Objective To investigate the damage to the retinal cells and apoptosis of retinal cells of rats after ischemia-reperfusion insult. Methods The retinal ischemia-reperfusion model was developed by increasing intraocular pressure to 109 725 mm Hg in rat eyes. Morphological changes of the rat eyes were observed by means of routine histopathology with HE staining. Apoptosis of the retina was assayed by both DNA fragmentation gel-electrophoresis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL). Results Compared with the normal control, no histopathological changes were revealed in the rat retinas 30 min after the ischemia and then reperfued for 24 h or 48 h. Retinal ganglion cell layer (RGL) and inner plaxiform layer (IPL) of the retina were observed, however, to become significantly thinner 60 min after the ischemia and then reperfued for 24 h or 48 h. Together with the pathological changes DNA ladder pattern was detected in the same group of the rats. Further, immunochemical stain of the eye demonstrated that TUNEL positive cells were localized in RGL and IPL of the retina. Conclusion Ischemia-reperfusion insult of the eye may remarkably damage the retina of the rat eye. The damage to the retinal cells is mainly localized within RGL and IPL and apoptosis is the important mechanism of the retinal disorder.